Code of ethics

General Provisions

The journal “Globalization and Business” (G&B) is committed to upholding the highest scientific and ethical standards. The Editorial Board considers it essential that all published works comply with international ethical standards and principles of academic integrity.

All parties involved in the publication process - authors, the Editor-in-Chief, the Editorial Board, reviewers, and the publisher - are obliged to adhere to ethical conduct principles as outlined in this Code of Ethics.

G&B’s ethics policy is based on the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) Code of Conduct and best practice recommendations. Submission of a manuscript to the journal signifies that each author has read, agreed to, and committed to abiding by this Code of Ethics.

Responsibilities of the Editorial Board

The editorial team and Editor-in-Chief are committed to maintaining the highest ethical standards and ensuring the transparency, fairness, and objectivity of the scientific process.

Objectivity: Acceptance or rejection of manuscripts is based solely on scientific merit and quality, without regard to the authors’ nationality, gender, religion, political views, or institutional affiliation.

Scientific Standards: The editorial office is responsible for ensuring that published works meet high academic and ethical standards and undergo a fair and objective peer-review process.

Confidentiality: The Editor-in-Chief and Editorial Board must maintain confidentiality and not disclose information about submitted manuscripts to third parties, except to the corresponding author, reviewers, editorial advisors, and publisher, in accordance with the double-blind review process.

Transparency of Peer Review: Authors receive only reviewers’ comments and correction suggestions, without disclosure of reviewers’ identities.

Response to Ethical Violations: The editorial office shall respond promptly and fairly to cases of plagiarism, data fabrication, authorship disputes, or other ethical violations, following COPE recommendations.

Communication with Authors: Editors ensure clear and timely communication with authors regarding manuscript evaluation results and editorial decisions.

Reliability of Published Material: When necessary, the editorial office is responsible for issuing corrections, retractions, or clarifications to provide readers with accurate and reliable information.

Authors’ Responsibilities

Originality and Integrity

Authors must submit only original work. Plagiarism, data fabrication, falsification, or other improper practices are strictly prohibited.

All sources must be properly cited, except for commonly known information.

Use of information obtained from private channels (e.g., informal conversations, personal correspondence, closed discussions) requires explicit permission from the third party

Authorship

Only individuals who have made a substantial and direct contribution to the research design, execution, or manuscript preparation should be listed as co-authors.

Co-authors must approve the final version of the manuscript before submission.

They are responsible for the research results and share collective responsibility for the content.

Contributions that do not meet authorship criteria (e.g., administrative support) should be acknowledged in the “Acknowledgments” section or in a footnote.

Deceased contributors may be listed as co-authors, with the date of death indicated in a footnote.

Conflict of Interest Disclosure

Authors must disclose any financial, professional, or other conflicts of interest that could influence the results or interpretation of their research.

Ethical Approvals

For research involving humans or animals, authors must provide appropriate ethical committee approval and comply with national and international regulations.

Accuracy of Sources

Authors are responsible for ensuring that citations, statistical data, and bibliographic references are complete and accurate.

Prohibition of Duplicate Publication

Authors must not submit the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously. Republishing previously published work is not allowed, except for conference proceedings with significant expansion. Simultaneous submissions to multiple journals are considered unethical.

Correction of Errors

If authors identify significant errors or inaccuracies in a submitted or published manuscript, they must promptly notify the Editor-in-Chief or publisher and cooperate in correction or retraction.

Cooperation in Peer Review

Authors must participate in the review process, respond promptly and respectfully to reviewer comments, and submit revisions within the designated timeframe. If authors disagree with reviewers’ recommendations, they must provide a detailed explanation to the editorial office.

Reviewers’ Responsibilities

Objectivity and Fairness

Reviewers must evaluate manuscripts objectively, based solely on scientific quality, structure, and significance, without personal or institutional bias.

Criticism should be constructive, clear, and well-justified to support manuscript improvement.

Confidentiality

Peer review is confidential. Reviewers must not disclose manuscript content or data to third parties, and may not use the manuscript for personal research until it is published.

Competence and Accountability

Reviewers should only accept manuscripts for which they have the appropriate expertise to provide an objective assessment.

If unable to review within the given timeframe or lacking sufficient qualifications, they must notify the editorial office immediately.

Reviewers should request additional information if needed to complete a thorough evaluation.

Verification of Sources and Academic Integrity

Reviewers must ensure sources are properly cited.

Any suspected plagiarism, data falsification, or duplicate publication must be reported to the editorial office immediately.

If significant similarity to a previously published work is detected, reviewers must inform the editorial office.

Communication with Authors

Reviewer comments must be clear, academically appropriate, and aimed at improving the manuscript. Disrespectful, degrading, or unsubstantiated criticism is unacceptable.

Conflict of Interest

The journal “Globalization and Business” adheres to the principles of scientific impartiality and ensures that authors, reviewers, and editorial board members are free from conflicts of interest that could affect the evaluation, review, or publication process.

Disclosure Obligation

Editorial board members, authors, and reviewers must inform the Editor-in-Chief in writing of any potential conflicts of interest before manuscript submission or if a conflict arises later.

If a reviewer has a clear conflict of interest (financial, professional, personal, or institutional) or suspects the author’s identity may create a conflict (e.g., colleagues, former students, competing labs), they must notify the editorial office and decline the review.

Forms of Potential Conflicts:

• Financial interests (grants, funding, honoraria);
• Personal or professional relationships (family, colleagues, competitors);
• Academic or institutional interests;
• Any circumstance that could influence manuscript evaluation, editing, or publication.

Editorial Actions in Cases of Conflict of Interest

The Editorial Board makes final decisions regarding identifying and managing conflicts of interest, including for authors, reviewers, or board members. If conflicts are concealed, the board may:

• Suspend the publication process or retract already published articles (per journal Correction and Retraction Policy);
• Refuse future collaboration with the author, reviewer, or board member;
• Report ethics violations to relevant academic or publishing platforms if necessary.

Internal Restriction

Editorial board members, including the Editor-in-Chief, are prohibited from publishing or reviewing their own manuscripts in the journal, individually or as co-authors.

Other Provisions

Anyone may contact the Editor-in-Chief to report potential violations in published works and request an investigation.

Reports must include detailed information on the suspected violation, including author name, article title, type of violation, and supporting evidence.

If a confirmed or suspected scientific misconduct, fraud, or plagiarism is detected, the editorial office and publisher are responsible for informing readers. This may involve publishing a correction, special report, or - in serious cases - full retraction and removal of the article, in accordance with the journal’s correction and retraction policies.