Globalization and Business
type: channel
description: The international, peer-reviewed, and indexed scientific journal Globalization and Business (G&B) was established in 2016 as an interdisciplinary publication of European University. The journal’s mission is to advance the study and discourse on contemporary issues across a range of disciplines, including economics, business, education, tourism, technology, governance, and political science. By publishing rigorous, research-based analyses, the journal seeks to foster critical discussions and enrich existing debates in these fields. Through collaborations with both local and international scholars, we are dedicated to supporting the internationalization of research and contributing to the global academic community. The journal publishes research that addresses issues within a comparative framework, ensuring that the articles are relevant and engaging for both national and international academic audiences. The journal’s primary objectives include: Fostering Scientific Innovation: Encouraging the development of novel ideas, methodologies, and advancements in the study of globalization and business. We continuously monitor all innovations in modern technologies and integrate them into the journal's activities. Providing Access to Cutting-Edge Research: We offer readers free, instant, and uninterrupted access to articles, making modern scientific works available to everyone. Supporting interdisciplinary research: connecting multiple fields across economics, business, education, tourism, technology, social issues, environmental protection, governance, and political science in order to address complex challenges related to global problems. Ensuring the Dissemination of Research: We take responsibility for bringing the research of scientists to a broader stage, making them as visible and accessible as possible to global scientific communities. The journal covers a wide range of topics, including but not limited to the following areas: Business, Labor Markets, and Economic Po…
publisher: SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ISSUES OF GLOBALIZATION
language: en
publication name: Globalization and Business
issn: 2449-2612
items: When Debt Overtakes Spending: A Partial Wavelet Coherence Analysis of Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth in France (1990–2024)
items: Disinformation and Its Impact on Society: The Case of the Russia-Ukraine War
items: The Role of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Supporting Startups: University Incubators as a Model
items: FinTech Leapfrogging: A Comparative Analysis of Digital Payments and Cryptocurrency Adoption in Emerging and Developed Economies
items: The Impact of Digital Transformation on Knowledge Economy Performance in MENA Countries: A Panel Data Analysis
items: The impact of Big Data use on smart tourism: Economic analysis and perspective (Algeria)
items: Inflation Dynamics in Algeria: Evidence from a Time–Frequency Wavelet Analysis of Monetary, Fiscal, and Investment Factors (1970–2024)
items: From Individual to Collective: A Critical Review of Technology Acceptance and Organizational Knowledge
items: Spatial-Territorial Aspects of Regional Development Planning: The Case of Borjomi Municipality
items: Resort Reform in Georgia: Comparative Insights from Eastern Europe
items: Fintech and Climate Resilience in Banking: Navigating Risk and Opportunity
items: International Commodity Price Shocks and the Inflation, Consumption, and Investment Effects in Africa
items: Forecasting the Economic Impacts of Renewable Energy Transition in Hydrocarbon-Exporting MENA Economies
items: Exploring the Positive Impact of Remote Work on Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Roles of Career Plateau, Autonomy, and Trust
items: Credibility of USD Dominance in an Era of Uncertainty
items: Studying the relationship between some macroeconomic variables and economic growth in Algeria using the ARDL model
items: Gendered Roles and Family Well-Being in Georgia: A Culturally Embedded Analysis for Intercultural Family Research
items: The Failure of Regulatory Impact Assessment Reform in Georgia: An Isomorphic Mimicry Perspective
items: Islamic Banking and Economic Growth: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends (2007–2024)
items: Oil Shocks, Renewable Energy, and Growth Regimes in Algeria: A Multiple-Threshold NARDL Analysis of CO₂ Emissions
items: International Pilgrimage Tourist Routes and Their Importance in Raising the Country’s Awareness: “The Way of St. Andrew the First-Called”
items: Measuring the Relative Efficiency of Higher Education Services in Algeria Using the Data Envelopment Analysis Method
items: FinTech and Foreign Trade in Algeria: Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategic Imperatives for the Banking Sector
items: Rescuing Struggling Companies through Preventive Corporate Rescue Tools: Economic Implications of the French and Moroccan Special Mandate Models
items: Georgia’s Integration into the European Union: A Synergy of Mutual Interests
items: Ukraine’s Chances of Victory Under Trump’s Presidency
items: Globalization’s Double-Edged Sword: Resource Dependency and Geo-Politics of Oil in Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA)
items: Unveiling new insights about the influence of oil prices on GDP in OAPEC nations: MMQR investigation
items: Balancing Innovation and Risk: Regulatory Frameworks for Sustainable Fintech Growth
items: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment between Organizational Justice and Job Performance

When Debt Overtakes Spending: A Partial Wavelet Coherence Analysis of Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth in France (1990–2024)
type: item
description: This study investigates the dynamic relationships among public expenditure, public debt, and economic growth in France over the 1990–2024 period using wavelet coherence (WTC), partial wavelet coherence (PWC), and Granger causality analysis. This multi-method approach allows fiscal-macroeconomic linkages to be assessed simultaneously across time and frequency, capturing structural shifts that conventional econometric methods cannot detect. Results show that fiscal-macroeconomic associations operate predominantly at business cycle frequencies and strengthen markedly following eurozone integration and the 2008 financial crisis. Sub-period analysis reveals a clear structural transformation in France’s fiscal regime. Before EMU, public spending maintained a stronger conditional association with growth than public debt, consistent with expenditure-led stabilization under monetary sovereignty. After 1999, this pattern reverses. Post-2008, the divergence widens further as debt levels exceed 110% of GDP. Granger causality tests confirm bidirectional feedback between fiscal instruments and growth, alongside strong unidirectional causality running from expenditure to debt. These findings suggest that France has transitioned from a fiscal regime driven by public spending to one increasingly constrained by accumulated debt, with direct implications for consolidation strategy and medium-term budgetary design within the eurozone framework. Keywords: Wavelet partial analysis, fiscal policy, public debt, public expenditure, France. Introduction The relationship between fiscal policy and economic growth is one of the most persistent debates in macroeconomics, traditionally opposing Keynesian and neoclassical perspectives. While the Keynesian approach emphasizes the effectiveness of public spending in stimulating aggregate demand, particularly during recessions, the neoclassical approach highlights the negative effects of public debt accumulation via fiscal expectations, sovereign ris…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Wavelet partial analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: fiscal policy
  topic: keywords
subject: public debt
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subject: public expenditure
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subject: France
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creator: Souria Hammache
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 171
ending page: 188
doi: 10.35945/gb.2026.21.012

Disinformation and Its Impact on Society: The Case of the Russia-Ukraine War
type: item
description: This paper examines disinformation as a central instrument of power in contemporary geopolitics, focusing on the Russia-Ukraine war as a critical case study of its societal, political, and international consequences. It analyzes how disinformation operates not merely as a supplementary propaganda tool, but as a core mechanism of governance, narrative control, and strategic influence. The study explores the erosion of the rules-based international order, the paralysis of international institutions, and the transformation of information into a weapon capable of reshaping public perception, weakening democratic trust, and legitimizing aggression. Particular attention is devoted to Russia’s internal and external disinformation strategies, their impact on Ukrainian society, and Ukraine’s adaptive resilience through media literacy and civil society mobilization. The findings underscore that while disinformation can destabilize societies in peacetime, its effectiveness diminishes when confronted with lived reality during wartime, highlighting the crucial role of truth, institutional credibility, and societal resilience in contemporary international relations. Keywords: Disinformation, information warfare, Russia-Ukraine war, narrative control, propaganda, media manipulation, rules-based international order. Introduction In an era in which information is both easily accessible and capable of spreading at unprecedented speed, the terms "disinformation" and "fake news" have become an integral part of everyday vocabulary. These phenomena no longer merely reflect public opinion but actively participate in its formation, exerting a significant influence on the public agenda and, more broadly, on the overall political structure of contemporary societies. Through the deliberate manipulation of information, specific socio-political processes can be steered, framed, and controlled, while public attitudes and collective perceptions are strategically shaped and directed. In this conte…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Disinformation
  topic: keywords
subject: information warfare
  topic: keywords
subject: Russia-Ukraine war
  topic: keywords
subject: narrative control
  topic: keywords
subject: propaganda
  topic: keywords
subject: media manipulation
  topic: keywords
subject: rules-based international order
  topic: keywords
creator: Raul Kiria
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 156
ending page: 170
doi: 10.35945/gb.2026.21.011

The Role of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Supporting Startups: University Incubators as a Model
type: item
description: The study examines the pivotal role of entrepreneurial ecosystems in supporting the growth and development of startups, with a focus on university business incubators as an effective mechanism for bridging academic knowledge and market needs. Through a systematic review of multiple scholarly studies, it is evident that university incubators function as central nodes within the ecosystem, providing an integrated environment that combines effective leadership, institutional connectivity, and comprehensive support mechanisms, including mentoring, access to funding, infrastructure, and network building. The findings indicate that these incubators significantly contribute to startup survival, enhanced innovation capacity, and local and regional economic development, particularly when they successfully coordinate the efforts of various ecosystem stakeholders, such as industry partners, investors, government agencies, and alumni networks. Despite their importance, university incubators face challenges related to financial sustainability, complex stakeholder coordination, and the transition from academic settings to market environments. The study concludes that implementing supportive policies and strategies is essential to enhancing the integration and effectiveness of university-based entrepreneurial ecosystems. Keywords: Entrepreneurial ecosystems, university business incubators, startup survival and growth, innovation capacity, economic development. Introduction The entrepreneurial ecosystem has become a key framework for understanding how startups grow and succeed in today’s economies. Unlike traditional linear approaches to entrepreneurship support, this perspective emphasizes that startup success depends on complex interactions among multiple actors, institutions, resources, and cultural factors within specific geographic and institutional contexts. Within this broader ecosystem, universities play an important role as knowledge producers, talent developers, and facil…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurial ecosystems
  topic: keywords
subject: university business incubators
  topic: keywords
subject: startup survival and growth
  topic: keywords
subject: innovation capacity
  topic: keywords
subject: economic development
  topic: keywords
creator: Ouennas Asma
creator: Slaimi Fayrouz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 144
ending page: 155
doi: 10.35945/gb.2026.21.010

FinTech Leapfrogging: A Comparative Analysis of Digital Payments and Cryptocurrency Adoption in Emerging and Developed Economies
type: item
description: This study examines whether FinTech adoption follows divergent structural pathways across emerging and developed economies, focusing on digital payments and cryptocurrency adoption. Drawing on leapfrogging theory, it develops a comparative framework linking financial infrastructure, digital payment expansion, financial inclusion, and crypto-adoption intensity. The analysis is based on a purposive sample of ten economies and combines data from Statista Market Insights, the Chainalysis Global Crypto Adoption Index, and the World Bank Global Findex Database. The findings identify two broad patterns. In developed economies, digital payment expansion primarily reflects optimisation within mature financial systems, characterised by high banking penetration, established card-based infrastructures, and convenience-driven adoption. In several emerging economies, by contrast, digital payments exhibit a more transformative role, increasingly operating as an alternative transactional infrastructure in settings marked by financial inclusion gaps and weaker institutional capacity. Cryptocurrency adoption presents a more differentiated picture. Rather than supporting a simple inverse relationship between financial exclusion and crypto uptake, the results point to multiple adoption pathways, ranging from partial substitution for incomplete financial services in some emerging markets to investment- and institution-led adoption in developed ones. Keywords: FinTech leapfrogging, digital payments, cryptocurrency adoption, financial inclusion, emerging economies, developed economies, comparative analysis Introduction Digital transformation has profoundly reshaped contemporary financial systems, particularly through the expansion of digital payments and cryptocurrencies. In recent years, FinTech has moved beyond its role as a simple technological enabler to become a structural force influencing financial inclusion, consumer behaviour, and the organisation of financial intermediation. How…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: FinTech leapfrogging
  topic: keywords
subject: digital payments
  topic: keywords
subject: cryptocurrency adoption
  topic: keywords
subject: financial inclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: emerging economies
  topic: keywords
subject: developed economies
  topic: keywords
subject: comparative analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Lynda Ait Bachir
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 123
ending page: 143
doi: 10.35945/gb.2026.21.009

The Impact of Digital Transformation on Knowledge Economy Performance in MENA Countries: A Panel Data Analysis
type: item
description: This study investigates the effect of digital transformation on knowledge economy performance across 11 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries over the period 2000–2024, using a panel of 275 country-year observations. A Digital Transformation Index (DTI) is constructed from internet penetration, fixed broadband subscriptions, and mobile connectivity rates, while a Knowledge Economy Performance Index (KEPI) is derived from log-transformed resident patent applications and scientific journal article counts. Applying country fixed-effects panel estimation with heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors, the preferred model yields a DTI coefficient of 0.391 (p < 0.001, within-R² = 0.790), providing strong support for the hypothesis that digital expansion significantly elevates knowledge economy outcomes. Government effectiveness also exerts a positive and statistically significant direct effect (β = 0.089, p = 0.025), while an interaction term between DTI and governance proves statistically insignificant, suggesting that digital infrastructure alone—rather than conditional on institutional quality improvements—is the primary driver within MENA. Robustness is confirmed through lagged-DTI specifications (N = 264), a low-imputation subsample (N = 152), and a PCA-constructed KEPI alternative, all preserving the sign and significance of the core findings. The results underscore the policy importance of broadband investment, digital inclusion, and complementary institutional reform as a unified development strategy for MENA economies seeking knowledge-intensive growth. Keywords: Digital transformation, knowledge economy, MENA, panel data, fixed effects, innovation, digitalization. Introduction Over the past two decades, MENA has experienced one of the most rapid digital connectivity expansions among developing regions. Internet penetration rose from under 5% in the early 2000s to above 70% by the early 2020s, mobile subscriptions surpassed 100 per 100 inhabitants in most…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Digital transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: knowledge economy
  topic: keywords
subject: MENA
  topic: keywords
subject: panel data
  topic: keywords
subject: fixed effects
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subject: innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: digitalization
  topic: keywords
creator: Khetib Sidi Mohamed Boumediene
creator: Zemri Bouazza Elamine
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 109
ending page: 122
doi: 10.35945/gb.2026.21.008

The impact of Big Data use on smart tourism: Economic analysis and perspective (Algeria)
type: item
description: This paper explores the role of Big Data in advancing smart tourism, focusing on experiences from leading countries such as South Korea, Spain, China, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates. These nations have successfully integrated Big Data analytics into tourism management to improve decision-making, sustainability, and visitor experiences. By analyzing real-time information from multiple sources including IoT devices, mobile data, and social media they have developed intelligent systems that enhance competitiveness and innovation in the tourism sector. The study highlights how these global leaders use data-driven strategies to optimize resource management, personalize services, and promote sustainable tourism. It also draws lessons for developing countries, particularly Algeria, emphasizing the importance of digital infrastructure, open data governance, and collaboration between public and private sectors to achieve smart and sustainable tourism development. Advances in information and communication technologies have provided tourism researchers with a golden opportunity to access big data, which plays a pivotal role in smart tourism. Building on this reality, this paper discusses the evolution of studies related to big data in the tourism sector, with a focus on the conceptual understanding of its types and the insights derived from its analysis. Keywords: Big Data, smart tourism, innovation, Algeria. Introduction and Definitions Data it can be defined as a set of letters, words, numbers, symbols, or images related to a specific subject. Data by itself has no meaning or value; it represents the raw form of information. Information, on the other hand, consists of data that has been analyzed and processed in such a way that it carries meaning and value and can be used for decision-making, for example, obtaining the total number of employees, their average age, and average years of experience, etc. Knowledge is the process of analyzing different pieces of informa…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Big Data
  topic: keywords
subject: smart tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Algeria
  topic: keywords
creator: Dehkal Asmaa
creator: Hadj M’hammed Mehor
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 98
ending page: 108
doi: 10.35945/gb.2026.21.007

Inflation Dynamics in Algeria: Evidence from a Time–Frequency Wavelet Analysis of Monetary, Fiscal, and Investment Factors (1970–2024)
type: item
description: This paper analyzes the dynamics of inflation in Algeria by examining its relationship with money supply, government expenditure, and capital formation over the period 1970–2024. The study adopts a time–frequency framework based on wavelet power spectrum and wavelet coherence analysis to capture the evolving and non-linear interactions between inflation and its key macroeconomic determinants across short-, medium-, and long-term horizons. The empirical results provide strong evidence in support of the monetary hypothesis, revealing persistent and statistically significant coherence between money supply growth and inflation, particularly at short- and medium-term frequencies, with monetary expansion generally leading price increases. Government expenditure also exhibits a positive and significant association with inflation during specific periods, reflecting demand-driven inflationary pressures, especially in the context of fiscal expansions linked to oil revenue windfalls. In contrast, the relationship between inflation and capital formation appears asymmetric, as inflation tends to lead investment at medium-term horizons, suggesting that price volatility discourages capital accumulation rather than stimulating productive capacity. Overall, the findings highlight inflation in Algeria as a time-varying and structurally driven phenomenon shaped by the interaction of monetary, fiscal, and investment dynamics. The wavelet-based approach offers policy-relevant insights by identifying the time horizons at which inflationary pressures are most pronounced. Keywords: Inflation dynamics, money supply, government expenditure, capital formation, wavelet analysis, emerging market economy, Algeria. Introduction In Algeria, as a result of its impact on price stability, economic growth, and social welfare, inflation is still seen as the central concern in macroeconomic policy! Indeed, in spite of the country’s substantial oil wealth, inflation remains a central concern affecting ev…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Inflation dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: money supply
  topic: keywords
subject: government expenditure
  topic: keywords
subject: capital formation
  topic: keywords
subject: wavelet analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: emerging market economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Algeria
  topic: keywords
creator: Daoudi Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 83
ending page: 97
doi: 10.35945/gb.2026.21.006

From Individual to Collective: A Critical Review of Technology Acceptance and Organizational Knowledge
type: item
description: The Technology Acceptance Model is one of the most employed frameworks applied by academics worldwide to explain why individuals accept or do not use technology. Since then, several studies have confirmed the influence of Internal Beliefs on Attitude and Behavioral Intention toward technology, preceded by a wide range of external factors. Domain-relevant knowledge is a crucial external factor in determining users’ behavioral intention to use enterprise resource technology systems, corroborating findings from the technology acceptance model. From a literature scope review, we explore a different and complementary approach regarding knowledge, not only as an external factor, but as a component of the organizational cycle of knowledge creation. The consideration of organizational knowledge creation processes and the nature of the technology used by individuals may bring new light to behavioral intention studies, tying together different study fields, and allowing further academic research work to provide constructive insights and contributions in the quest to determine where the individual’s technology acceptance fits in dynamic organizational knowledge creation. Keywords: Technology Acceptance Model, organizational knowledge, information technology. Introduction The proliferation of knowledge and information technologies has profoundly reshaped work and economic structures,[1] transforming practices across industries and professions.[2] The main reason behind the development and adoption of technologies in organizations is the increase in human efficiency and effectiveness in the practice of routines.[3] The advancement of information system technologies enables organizations to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve information management, strengthening decision-making and enabling novel operational capabilities,[4] making research on the adoption and use of systems relevant in academic and working realms. Research on individual information system adoption is …
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Technology Acceptance Model
  topic: keywords
subject: organizational knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: information technology
  topic: keywords
creator: Renzo Del Giudice Lopez
creator: Wurong Shih
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 73
ending page: 82
doi: 10.35945/gb.2026.21.005

Spatial-Territorial Aspects of Regional Development Planning: The Case of Borjomi Municipality
type: item
description: This article analyzes the spatial-territorial structure of Borjomi Municipality through the lens of polycentric regional development, functional specialization, and seasonal economic dynamics. Drawing on qualitative field observations, semi-structured interviews, and the examination of municipal planning documents, the study evaluates how the municipality’s three dominant nodes—Borjomi–Likani, Bakuriani, and the seasonal corridor villages—shape local development patterns and influence the distribution of economic activity, mobility flows, and service accessibility. Findings show that tourism-driven functions are heavily concentrated within the two major nodes, while peripheral settlements remain dependent on short seasonal cycles and underdeveloped infrastructure. The research also identifies significant gaps in rural–urban value-chain integration, particularly the limited participation of local agricultural producers in the tourism supply system. These spatial and functional disparities underscore the challenges of achieving balanced and resilient development in mountainous regions. By situating the Borjomi case within broader theoretical discussions on polycentricity and place-based development, the study demonstrates how spatial coordination and targeted policy interventions can enhance territorial cohesion and support sustainable development in structurally diverse municipalities. Keywords: Regional development; spatial planning; tourism economy. Introduction Efficient regional development planning in mountainous countries requires a clear understanding of spatial-territorial structures, functional linkages, and the internal logic of settlement systems. In contemporary economic geography, spatial development is increasingly conceptualized through the lens of polycentricity, agglomeration effects, and spatial cohesion.[1] These ideas have been broadly discussed in economic and regional development literature, including works by Georgian scholars who emphasize the…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Regional development
  topic: keywords
subject: spatial planning
  topic: keywords
subject: tourism economy
  topic: keywords
creator: Mariam Jibuti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 63
ending page: 72
doi: 10.35945/gb.2026.21.004

Resort Reform in Georgia: Comparative Insights from Eastern Europe
type: item
description: The paper reviews the past and current resort-related regulatory framework in Georgia to identify the main obstacles that slow down resort development. The collapse of the Soviet Union had a disastrous impact on Georgia’s sanatoriums and health resorts. As a result, historically valuable buildings and parks within these areas deteriorated, the number of both residents and visitors steadily declined, and many facilities lost their role in the public health system. However, recent reforms, particularly the Law on Tourism adopted in 2023, have renewed interest in the potential of resorts to attract visitors and foreign investment. Based on a comparative review of the legal and policy frameworks of four Eastern European countries—Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, and Romania—the paper provides insights for the ongoing tourism reform in Georgia. These countries were selected because they share a similar post-Soviet background with Georgia but are also members of the European Union. The comparison revealed differences in legal definitions, recognition procedures, and criteria for resort classification, helping to identify the most effective practices that could be adapted to the Georgian context. From these findings, the paper proposes a new regulatory framework that introduces the concept of “National Resorts” as a quality-assurance mechanism. It also recommends modernizing tourism and resort governance, improving coordination between institutions, and integrating climate-resilience and safety measures to help position Georgia’s resorts as competitive and sustainable destinations within the broader European tourism landscape. Keywords: Resorts, tourism policy, regulatory framework, sustainable development. JEL Classification: L83, Z32, R58. Introduction Resort development began in the early twentieth century, following the Russian Revolution of 1917. During this period, the Soviet government created a wide network of sanatoriums, health resorts, and similar facilities for the…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Resorts
  topic: keywords
subject: tourism policy
  topic: keywords
subject: regulatory framework
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable development
  topic: keywords
creator: Giorgi Bregadze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Giorgi Bregadze (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 52
ending page: 62
doi: 10.35945/gb.2026.21.003

Fintech and Climate Resilience in Banking: Navigating Risk and Opportunity
type: item
description: Climate-related financial risks, encompassing both physical and transition dimensions, present an escalating threat to global financial stability, necessitating sophisticated risk management responses from the banking sector. This literature review synthesizes existing academic and industry research on the intersection of financial technology (Fintech) and bank climate risk management. The review establishes Fintech’s critical role in enhancing banks’ capacity to assess, monitor, and mitigate these complex risks through solutions such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), blockchain, big data analytics, and digital platforms for green finance. It examines methodologies, identifies key trends, and analyzes evolving perspectives from academic scholarship and industry practice on integrating climate risk into operational and strategic frameworks. Furthermore, this work investigates the challenges and limitations confronting fintech adoption, including data scarcity, regulatory hurdles, technological integration barriers, and ethical considerations such as algorithmic bias and the threat of “greenwashing”. The review concludes by highlighting emerging best practices and innovative approaches, synthesizing gaps in the existing literature, and proposing a research agenda designed to inform researchers, policymakers, and financial institutions. This foundation enables these stakeholders to navigate this dynamic landscape, contributing to a more resilient and sustainable financial system. Keywords: Bank risk management, fintech, climate-related financial risk, blockchain, green finance. JEL Classification: G32, G20, Q54, O31, Q56. Introduction Global economic losses from climate-related disasters have surged to over $200 billion annually in recent years, with projections indicating a potential 10% reduction in global GDP by 2050 under severe climate scenarios.[1] This reality establishes a critical imperative for the banking sector: climate risk management…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Bank risk management
  topic: keywords
subject: fintech
  topic: keywords
subject: climate-related financial risk
  topic: keywords
subject: blockchain
  topic: keywords
subject: green finance
  topic: keywords
creator: Rym Bouchelit
creator: Abdelkader Belarbi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rym Bouchelit, Abdelkader Belarbi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 36
ending page: 51
doi: 10.35945/gb.2026.21.002

International Commodity Price Shocks and the Inflation, Consumption, and Investment Effects in Africa
type: item
description: African countries’ participation in the global value chain and trade has evolved steadily. Amidst the recent spike in commodity prices, this trend has important implications for the propagation of trade-price shocks in African economies. This study examines how commodity price shocks shape inflation, consumption, and investment in Africa. We find that the effects of commodity price shocks on inflation, consumption, and investment exhibit significant heterogeneity and qualitative commonalities across countries. We tested the possibility that different commodities may have a disparate bearing on a country’s economic development. The analysis shows that price increases in all commodity types - energy, non-energy, and food commodities–produce similar influences qualitatively, but not in magnitude. Interestingly, non-energy commodities exert greater quantitative effects than energy commodities. Our results indicate that, in most instances, disruptions in the international commodity market may reflect global economic uncertainty, with attendant effects on consumption, investment, and policy decisions in the domestic economy. Keywords: Commodity prices, inflation, investment, consumption, Africa, local projections. JEL classification: C22, E21, E22, E31, F62, Q02. Introduction The global economy has increasingly been characterized by internationally fragmented production processes. The globalization of production processes has given rise to global value chains (GVCs) with many suppliers located in several countries. This trend has important implications for the transmission of trade shocks across countries. Recently, the crisis-plagued world has faced three parallel shocks: energy, fertilizer, and food price shocks. These overlapping crises have renewed interest in the impact of commodity market dynamics on the economy. African countries have made little but growing strides in GVCs.[1] Siba estimates that Africa’s performance in global value chain trade averaged 8% of GDP …
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Commodity prices
  topic: keywords
subject: inflation
  topic: keywords
subject: investment
  topic: keywords
subject: consumption
  topic: keywords
subject: Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: local projections
  topic: keywords
creator: Johnson Worlanyo Ahiadorme
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Johnson Worlanyo Ahiadorme (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 7
ending page: 35
doi: 10.35945/gb.2026.21.001

Forecasting the Economic Impacts of Renewable Energy Transition in Hydrocarbon-Exporting MENA Economies
type: item
description: This study examines the macroeconomic implications of accelerating the renewable energy transition in hydrocarbon-exporting Middle East and North Africa (MENA) economies. Drawing on annual data from 2000 to 2024 for Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Algeria, and Oman, we estimate a panel structural vector autoregression (SVAR) that treats oil prices, global demand, and national renewable policy efforts as exogenous shocks. The model captures the dynamic interplay among non-oil GDP, government revenue, labor‑market outcomes, and renewable‑energy penetration. Impulse‑response analysis reveals that a positive renewable‑energy shock leads to sustained increases in non-oil GDP and modest reductions in unemployment, while fiscal dependence on hydrocarbons declines slightly. Scenario-based forecasts to 2035 show that countries with more ambitious renewable‑energy policies, such as the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, enjoy the largest absolute gains in non-oil GDP, whereas smaller economies still achieve meaningful proportional improvements. These findings underscore the potential of renewable investments to accelerate economic diversification and mitigate fiscal vulnerabilities. By incorporating a domestic policy index and forecasting alternative adoption paths, the study fills a gap in exporter-specific research and provides practical insights for policymakers seeking to balance growth with the energy transition. Keywords: Renewable energy transition, hydrocarbon-exporting MENA, structural VAR, scenario forecasting, economic diversification. Introduction The energy transition is reshaping macroeconomic prospects for fossil‑fuel exporters amid record global deployment of renewables and tightening climate goals. In 2024, renewable power capacity expanded by about 585 GW to reach roughly 4,448 GW worldwide, a 15% annual increase.[1] Despite this surge, current trajectories still fall short of the 2030 tripling target set in international fora, und…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Renewable energy transition
  topic: keywords
subject: hydrocarbon-exporting MENA
  topic: keywords
subject: structural VAR
  topic: keywords
subject: scenario forecasting
  topic: keywords
subject: economic diversification
  topic: keywords
creator: Zemri Bouazza Elamine
creator: Khetib Sidi Mohamed Boumediene
creator: Gassem Mohammed Fouad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 161
ending page: 174
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.20.012

Exploring the Positive Impact of Remote Work on Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Roles of Career Plateau, Autonomy, and Trust
type: item
description: Based on survey responses from public‑sector workers and the IT contractors who work with them (N = 196 for analyses), we explore how remote work is related to satisfaction through autonomy, career plateau, and trust, and the degree to which remote work serves to buffer the negative link between plateau and satisfaction. Results reveal a positive direct effect of remote work on job satisfaction (b=0.114, p=.011), with autonomy mediating a beneficial indirect path (b=0.025, p<.05) and career plateau exacerbating a negative indirect path (b=−0.087, p<.05). Trust does not emerge as a significant mediator, but remote work moderates the negative association between career plateau and satisfaction (b=0.173, p=.010), suggesting a buffering effect. The parallel-mediation model explains 39.7% of the variance in job satisfaction, highlighting the complex interplay between flexibility and career stagnation. These findings combine the work‑design and career‑plateau perspectives: remote working recrafts resources (autonomy) and constraints (plateau) together. Implications entail balancing schedule/location freedom with explicit development trajectories and visibility cues for those who are remote. Our findings contribute to theory by delineating when remote work acts as a resource or constraint, while offering practical insights for organizations navigating hybrid work models. Keywords: Remote work, autonomy, career plateau, job satisfaction, public sector, hybrid work. Introduction Remote Work, Career Plateau, Autonomy, Trust, and Job Satisfaction Remote work has now firmly entered the modern workplace. The COVID‑19 pandemic greatly sped up adoption, but its staying power builds on more fundamental changes in work design, managerial control systems, and employee preferences. Research shows potential benefits that endure (e.g., increased autonomy, better work–life balance, and, in some, increased productivity) but also continuing risks (e.g., boundary control, professional isola…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Remote work
  topic: keywords
subject: autonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: career plateau
  topic: keywords
subject: job satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: public sector
  topic: keywords
subject: hybrid work
  topic: keywords
creator: Halil Zaim
creator: Vladimer Togonidze
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 149
ending page: 160
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.20.011

Credibility of USD Dominance in an Era of Uncertainty
type: item
description: The United States dollar (USD) has long served as the cornerstone of the global reserve currency system, maintaining its dominance for several decades. Nevertheless, this preeminence is increasingly challenged by a landscape characterized by geopolitical strife, shifts in economic power, and advancements in monetary technology. This paper investigates the validity of USD supremacy in light of China’s ascendance as a formidable economic force and the rising discussions surrounding a potential reversion to the gold standard. The analysis focuses on China’s expanding role through initiatives such as the internationalization of the renminbi (RMB), which aims to transform global trade and financial frameworks. Additionally, the paper considers both the historical and modern ramifications of a gold-backed monetary system, assessing its viability as a substitute for the current reliance on fiat currencies. Employing a multidisciplinary perspective, the study examines the interactions among these elements, offering insights into the durability of USD dominance and the potential for a multipolar currency landscape. Keywords: USD, renminbi, gold standard, currency weaponization, rise of China. Introduction The United States dollar (USD) has functioned as the bedrock of the international financial and economic system since the mid-20th century, acting as the principal reserve currency and enabling global trade and investment. This preeminence has been bolstered by the substantial size and stability of the U.S. economy, the robustness of its financial markets, and the political and military clout of the United States. Nevertheless, the present climate of uncertainty, characterized by evolving geopolitical alliances, economic upheavals, and rapid technological progress, poses considerable challenges to the ongoing dominance of the USD. A significant element contributing to this uncertainty is the emergence of China as a formidable global economic force. Through initiatives such …
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: USD
  topic: keywords
subject: renminbi
  topic: keywords
subject: gold standard
  topic: keywords
subject: currency weaponization
  topic: keywords
subject: rise of China
  topic: keywords
creator: Mirza Khidasheli
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 138
ending page: 148
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.20.010

Studying the relationship between some macroeconomic variables and economic growth in Algeria using the ARDL model
type: item
description: This study investigates the impact of exchange rate fluctuations, inflation, and oil prices on Algeria's economic growth from 1990 to 2022. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and analyzed using EViews 12, the research evaluates both short- and long-term dynamics among these variables. The findings reveal a significant inverse relationship between exchange rate depreciation and economic growth, suggesting that currency instability adversely affects Algeria’s economic performance. Similarly, inflation exhibits a negative long-term association with growth, highlighting the detrimental effects of rising price levels on the economy. Conversely, oil prices demonstrate a positive long-term relationship with growth, underscoring Algeria’s reliance on hydrocarbon revenues as a key driver of economic expansion. The model’s estimation results indicate that these independent variables collectively explain 91% of the variations in economic growth, confirming their substantial influence. These insights underscore the need for policymakers to stabilize exchange rates, control inflation, and diversify the economy to mitigate overdependence on oil. The study contributes to the empirical literature on macroeconomic determinants of growth in resource-dependent economies. Keywords: Exchange rate, inflation rate, oil price, ARDL model, economic growth. Introduction Economic growth is a key objective for all countries, whether developed or developing, due to its critical role in measuring development and societal progress. It reflects the total output of goods and services within an economy and is widely regarded as a fundamental indicator of economic performance. From a theoretical standpoint, economic growth remains one of the most significant topics in economic development, attracting the attention of prominent economists such as Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Schumpeter, who sought to identify its key determinants. Over time, economic realities have evolved, le…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Exchange rate
  topic: keywords
subject: inflation rate
  topic: keywords
subject: oil price
  topic: keywords
subject: ARDL model
  topic: keywords
subject: economic growth
  topic: keywords
creator: Miloud Ouafi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 127
ending page: 137
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.20.009

Gendered Roles and Family Well-Being in Georgia: A Culturally Embedded Analysis for Intercultural Family Research
type: item
description: This study explores the interplay between empathy, cooperative conflict resolution, and marital satisfaction within the framework of culturally embedded gender roles in Georgian families. Situated in the context of Georgia’s post-Soviet transformation, the research examines how traditional responsibilities assigned to mothers and fathers influence emotional dynamics and family well-being. Drawing from intercultural psychology, the study considers how cultural scripts, interdependence-oriented norms, and shifting gender expectations affect marital functioning across two life stages. Quantitative analysis reveals that women report higher empathy and collaborative conflict strategies, which correlate positively with marital satisfaction. Additionally, maternal perceptions of support significantly influence children’s well-being and fathers’ emotional engagement. These findings contribute to cross-cultural psychology by highlighting how family dynamics are shaped by cultural continuity and value shifts in transitional societies. Keywords: Intercultural family dynamics, gender and culture, cross-cultural psychology, post-Soviet cultural transformation, cultural values and parenting. Introduction The well-being of a family is shaped not only by individual and interpersonal dynamics but also by the ontological structures that define gender roles within a given society. Traditional family structures, particularly in Georgia, have long assigned distinct responsibilities to husbands and wives, influencing marital satisfaction, conflict resolution, and parental engagement. However, these roles are not merely socially prescribed behaviors but also ontologically significant categories that shape individual identity and family dynamics. Many factors influence family well-being, and their impact varies. For instance, parental conflict is crucial to understanding family dynamics, as it affects children’s development and family health.[1] Cummings, Taylor, and Merrilees (2020)[2] em…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Intercultural family dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: gender and culture
  topic: keywords
subject: cross-cultural psychology
  topic: keywords
subject: post-Soviet cultural transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural values and parenting
  topic: keywords
creator: Nino Kitoshvili
creator: Ina Shanava
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 114
ending page: 126
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.20.008

The Failure of Regulatory Impact Assessment Reform in Georgia: An Isomorphic Mimicry Perspective
type: item
description: Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) has been promoted globally as a cornerstone of good governance, designed to ensure evidence-based policymaking and enhance state accountability. In Georgia, multiple international donors supported the institutionalization of RIA from the mid-2000s onward. Despite the enactment of legal and methodological frameworks, the reform did not yield a functioning national system and, by 2024, had effectively collapsed, abandoned by both donors and the government. This paper examines why a globally celebrated instrument failed in an ostensibly favourable context. Using a process-tracing case study of Georgia, the paper employs the concept of Isomorphic Mimicry to show how donor-endorsed reforms can persist as performative compliance - securing resources and external legitimacy - while producing limited outcomes. In this effort, the article showcases how, in parallel with its formal adoption into law, the reform fell into a “capability trap”, with civil servants overloaded and donor-driven technical support proliferating. Thus, the case illustrates how mimicry-driven reform can persist for years without achieving substantive results, sustained by a coalition of political actors, donors, and other stakeholders with short-term incentives. The analysis further traces how political-bureaucratic actors preserved prevailing routines by designing and exploiting legislative loopholes that circumscribed RIA’s formal effects. This study advances Isomorphic Mimicry and governance reform scholarship by specifying conditions sustaining mimicry (particularly, high donor density, a well-developed system of external and internal reform enablers, and bureaucratic hedging via legislative loopholes), tracing regulatory decoupling that turns RIA into box-ticking, and using Georgia’s donor-cooperation suspension as a stress test highlighting the centrality of donors in mimetic reforms. Keywords: Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA), good governance, isomorphic mimi…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA)
  topic: keywords
subject: good governance
  topic: keywords
subject: isomorphic mimicry
  topic: keywords
subject: institutional isomorphism
  topic: keywords
subject: Georgia
  topic: keywords
creator: Giorgi Khishtovani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 99
ending page: 113
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.20.007

Islamic Banking and Economic Growth: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends (2007–2024)
type: item
description: This article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the global scientific output on the relationship between Islamic banking and economic growth. Adopting a bibliometric approach, the study covers the period from 2007 to 2024 using data retrieved from the Scopus database, a leading source for tracking academic production. The analysis was conducted with VoSviewer software, which enabled the identification of key research themes, influential authors, countries, institutions, and journals shaping the literature in this area. The results reveal that Malaysia stands out as the most productive country, followed by other Asian and Middle Eastern economies, reflecting the regional importance of Islamic finance. The findings further highlight an evolution in research focus: while early studies were mainly concerned with the resilience of Islamic banking during the global financial crisis, more recent contributions emphasize emerging issues such as financial inclusion, governance, and sustainability. Overall, the study demonstrates the diversification of research directions and the growing academic interest in Islamic finance, underscoring its potential contribution to inclusive and sustainable economic development. Keywords: Islamic finance, Islamic banks, economic growth, bibliometric analysis, VoSviewer, Scopus. Introduction Economic growth is a fundamental metric for assessing the overall performance of national economies. It’s intrinsically linked to aggregate productivity, efficient resource allocation, and the achievement of macroeconomic balances in employment, investment, and financial stability. Within this context, the financial sector is seen as a key engine of growth due to its role in financial intermediation, reducing transaction costs, mitigating information asymmetries, and ensuring the efficient allocation of capital. The banking system holds particular importance within the financial structure, providing mechanisms to mobilize financial resources and chan…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Islamic finance
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic banks
  topic: keywords
subject: economic growth
  topic: keywords
subject: bibliometric analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: VoSviewer
  topic: keywords
subject: Scopus
  topic: keywords
creator: Hanane Ghorab
creator: Sara Djennad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 89
ending page: 98
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.20.006

Oil Shocks, Renewable Energy, and Growth Regimes in Algeria: A Multiple-Threshold NARDL Analysis of CO₂ Emissions
type: item
description: This study employs the MT-NARDL model to examine the nonlinear relationship between economic growth, oil prices, renewable energy consumption, and CO₂ emissions in Algeria over 1980–2024. Allowing GDP per capita to switch across low, medium, and high regimes, the model captures asymmetric short- and long-run responses. The Environmental Kuznets Curve is rejected: no regime yields a significant long-run effect on emissions, evidencing the absence of an automatic decoupling threshold. Renewable energy is the only robust driver of permanent carbon reduction, cutting emissions by 0.155% for each additional 1% share, despite an initial “brown-build” uptick. Oil-price shocks exert merely transitory impacts, whereas medium-growth episodes re-ignite emissions after two years. Error-correction is rapid, yet hydrocarbon dependency persists. Aligning development with climate goals, therefore, requires a coherent policy package that couples accelerated clean-energy deployment, stringent efficiency standards, and economic diversification away from carbon-intensive sectors. By foregrounding regime-dependent asymmetries, the paper offers new empirical evidence for resource-rich economies. Keywords: Algeria, CO₂ emissions, MT-NARDL, growth regimes, renewable energy, oil shocks. Introduction The relationship between economic growth and environmental protection has received widespread attention in the economic and environmental literature, as countries seek to achieve a balance between the requirements of development, on the one hand, and the mitigation of environmental degradation, on the other.[1] Economic activities, particularly those related to fossil fuel consumption, are among the main sources of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions,[2] placing them at the core of discussions on environmental sustainability. Conversely, renewable energy is emerging as a strategic alternative that contributes to reducing emissions and fostering the transition toward a green economy.[3] At the same ti…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Algeria
  topic: keywords
subject: CO₂ emissions
  topic: keywords
subject: MT-NARDL
  topic: keywords
subject: growth regimes
  topic: keywords
subject: renewable energy
  topic: keywords
subject: oil shocks
  topic: keywords
creator: Hacen Kahoui
creator: Abdelkader Sahed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 74
ending page: 88
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.20.005

International Pilgrimage Tourist Routes and Their Importance in Raising the Country’s Awareness: “The Way of St. Andrew the First-Called”
type: item
description: Georgia possesses a unique cultural and historical identity that encompasses a rich variety of cultural values: architectural monuments, folk traditions, music, visual arts, historical-ethnic heritage, and natural landscapes. This combination creates a significant potential for the development of religious tourism. However, unfortunately, only a small portion of this potential has been utilized. The pilgrimage phenomenon is currently experiencing a revival around the world, with long-standing shrines once again attracting seekers of spiritual self-realization. We believe that by adapting global experiences to the Georgian reality and considering current circumstances, it is entirely feasible to establish an international pilgrimage route in Georgia – The Path of St. Andrew the First-Called. This is especially relevant given that St. Andrew traveled multiple times through Georgia and beyond, with this route extending to other countries as well. For the development of religious tourism in Georgia and its popularization in the global tourism market, the most important task is to conduct intensive scientific research on this type of tourism, to create demand through new motivations for tourists, and to provide new products to the market. The work reveals the importance of international pilgrimage tourist routes, the possibility of creating new market niches, and developing new identities. With the correct and well-planned use of modern PR technologies and marketing strategies, in cooperation with international organizations, the Path of St. Andrew the First-Called has great potential as an international pilgrimage route. Keywords: Religious tourism, pilgrimage, cultural routes, The Path of St. Andrew the First-Called. Introduction In the context of modern globalization, no country can achieve successful development without engaging with the global market and coordinating its internal economic and financial policies with regional and global leaders. The diverse historica…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Religious tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: pilgrimage
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural routes
  topic: keywords
subject: The Path of St. Andrew the First-Called
  topic: keywords
creator: Nodar Grdzelishvili
creator: Maia Azmaiparashvili
creator: Laura Kvaratskhelia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 60
ending page: 73
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.20.004

Measuring the Relative Efficiency of Higher Education Services in Algeria Using the Data Envelopment Analysis Method
type: item
description: This study aims to measure the relative efficiency of eight Algerian university centers (Aflou, Mila, Elbayadh, Barika, Naama, Tindouf, Maghnia, Tipaza) during the 2023–2024 academic year. Data on inputs (student enrollment, faculty size) and outputs (graduates, research publications) were collected from Algeria’s Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The CCR and BCC models under input- and output-oriented frameworks revealed that 75% of centers achieved full efficiency (score=1), while 25% (notably Tipaza and Elbayadh) exhibited inefficiencies requiring 15–33% input reductions or output increases. Critically, smaller centers (Aflou, Tindouf) outperformed larger institutions despite 40% lower budgets, debunking the “bigger is better” paradigm. The study identifies three evidence-based reforms: decentralized resource reallocation (redirecting 22% of budgets from inefficient to efficient centers), dynamic enrollment caps, and research-output incentives, potentially saving 1.2 billion DA annually. Future research should implement longitudinal DEA tracking to measure reform impacts, integrate labor market outcomes (graduate employment rates), and conduct comparative studies across North African universities. By proving that strategic resource optimization, not budget expansion, drives sustainable development, this work provides a replicable model for Global South nations aligning higher education with national development visions like Algeria’s 2030 agenda. Keywords: higher education, data envelopment analysis, efficiency, university. Introduction The higher education system catalyzes societal advancement and a dynamic knowledge ecosystem that continuously establishes, challenges, and renews intellectual foundations. As a primary engine of transformation, it generates outcomes such as skilled graduates, innovative research, and evidence-based solutions that directly propel economic and social development…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: data envelopment analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: university
  topic: keywords
creator: Abid Farid Zakaria
creator: Khemloul Mohammed Belkayed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 43
ending page: 59
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.20.003

FinTech and Foreign Trade in Algeria: Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategic Imperatives for the Banking Sector
type: item
description: This research explores the impact of FinTech on Algeria’s foreign trade and how the banking sector is adapting to digital innovation. Using a mixed-methods approach integrating statistical data with expert analysis, the study evaluates digital tools’ influence on trade activities. The findings reveal inconsistent progress: while some banks have embraced FinTech, reaping benefits in efficiency, risk management, and compliance, the industry still grapples with outdated infrastructure, regulatory inflexibility, and low digital literacy. However, signs of progress emerge, especially in mobile payments and blockchain technologies. Drawing on international case studies and regional comparisons with Kenya, India, the UAE, and Brazil, the paper identifies concrete actions to propel Algeria forward through focused investment in digital infrastructure, regulatory reform, and bank-FinTech collaboration. By systematically comparing regional trends and reviewing global implementation experiences, the study proposes specific, time-bound interventions tailored to Algeria’s institutional landscape: a phased investment plan of USD 380-470 million over five years, focused on digital infrastructure upgrade, regulatory reform, strategic alliances with mature FinTech platforms, and structured capacity building. The study sets concrete goals: cutting transaction times from 5-7 days to 24-48 hours, boosting trade finance digitization from 15-20% to 75%, and extending financial inclusion from 43% to 60% of adults by 2030. The research concludes that greater FinTech adoption in Algeria’s banking and trade sectors could improve competitiveness in global markets, but only with concerted implementation supported by institutional will and resource allocation. Keywords: Financial technology, FinTech, foreign trade, Algerian banks, trade finance, digital transformation, innovation policy. Introduction The rapidly growing field of FinTech has revolutionized finance in new ways, transforming how pe…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Financial technology
  topic: keywords
subject: FinTech
  topic: keywords
subject: foreign trade
  topic: keywords
subject: Algerian banks
  topic: keywords
subject: trade finance
  topic: keywords
subject: digital transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: innovation policy
  topic: keywords
creator: Almi Hassiba
creator: Awashreh Raed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 25
ending page: 42
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.20.002

Rescuing Struggling Companies through Preventive Corporate Rescue Tools: Economic Implications of the French and Moroccan Special Mandate Models
type: item
description: This paper presents a comparative analysis of the “Special Mandate” as a preventive mechanism for rescuing struggling companies, focusing on French and Moroccan legislation. While existing studies focus on legal doctrine, this paper addresses a critical gap by linking these legal frameworks to their tangible economic outcomes, which is essential for evaluating their true effectiveness in the marketplace. The analysis contrasts two divergent legislative philosophies. The French model is notably broad, applying to nearly all types of enterprises regardless of their legal form, reflecting a proactive stance on economic intervention. It provides detailed procedural rules governing the agent’s (mandataire ad hoc) appointment, potential conflicts of interest, and the precise scope of the mission. Conversely, the Moroccan approach is significantly more restrictive, limiting the procedure mainly to commercial “traders” (commerçants) and containing legislative gaps that create procedural uncertainty for both debtors and creditors. While the procedure’s key advantages in both systems are its confidentiality and simplicity, its purely contractual nature presents a major limitation, as its success is entirely contingent upon voluntary creditor participation, which is often difficult to secure in distressed situations. The paper concludes that the French model’s enhanced legal flexibility correlates with superior economic performance, evidenced by outcomes such as a 2.6-fold higher debt recovery rate, offering a clear, data-driven recommendation for legislative reform based on proven economic stability. Keywords: Modern bankruptcy laws, preventive Procedures, special mandate, struggling companies, company rescue, economic outcomes, investment climate. Introduction In their efforts to improve the investment climate, nations strive to enhance the legal system that governs the economic sphere. For a long time, this system followed a singular path: simplifying and facilitating the e…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Modern bankruptcy laws
  topic: keywords
subject: preventive Procedures
  topic: keywords
subject: special mandate
  topic: keywords
subject: struggling companies
  topic: keywords
subject: company rescue
  topic: keywords
subject: economic outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: investment climate
  topic: keywords
creator: Hamidi Radhwane
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 7
ending page: 24
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.20.001

Georgia’s Integration into the European Union: A Synergy of Mutual Interests
type: item
description: The aim of this article is to demonstrate the mutual interest of both parties in working together today, with a view to Georgia's full integration into the European Union. This objective is rooted in a long-standing relationship that has progressively deepened over the years, driven by shared values and a common aspiration for peace and stability in the region. To this end, we propose to examine the various points of convergence, from both a Georgian and a European perspective. These include political alignment, economic cooperation, security collaboration, and cultural exchange. Georgia has made significant efforts to align its institutions and policies with European standards, while the European Union has expressed consistent support for Georgia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. By exploring these elements, this article seeks to highlight not only the benefits of stronger cooperation but also the strategic importance of Georgia's full accession for the development of the European Union itself. Keywords: Georgia, European Union, integration, mutual interests. Introduction Some European countries are not part of the Union for various reasons (neutrality in Switzerland, fiscal freedom in Andorra, etc.), while others are applying to join. Georgia is one of these new countries eager to join the European Union, a desire marked by the Georgian population itself (82%[1]), and by the decision of the Union’s institutions to recognize the validity of Georgia’s application for enlargement on December 14, 2023. Founded after the Second World War to promote peace, prosperity, and solidarity between its member states, the European Union today is much more than just the economic and customs union it was at its inception. Today, it occupies a central position in the world’s political, economic, social, cultural, diplomatic, and strategic landscape. What’s more, it embodies an ambitious project to support and encourage democratic values, human rights, and cooperation on an i…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Georgia
  topic: keywords
subject: European Union
  topic: keywords
subject: integration
  topic: keywords
subject: mutual interests
  topic: keywords
creator: Masclanis François
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 163
ending page: 172
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.19.012

Ukraine’s Chances of Victory Under Trump’s Presidency
type: item
description: This article explores the potential consequences of Donald Trump’s return to the presidency on the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war, with particular emphasis on the resulting geopolitical shifts and implications for global security. The analysis examines Trump’s stated positions, proposed peace plans, and their reception in both Kyiv and Moscow, shedding light on how his rhetoric and strategy may reshape the trajectory of the conflict. It further contextualizes his approach within broader transatlantic dynamics, including NATO’s cohesion, European defense initiatives, and the global response to a reoriented U.S. foreign policy. By highlighting Trump’s preference for transactional diplomacy, skepticism toward multilateralism, and emphasis on bilateral negotiations, the article considers how these tendencies may accelerate a reordering of the international system and challenge the existing liberal order. The discussion also assesses the potential ramifications for U.S. alliances and regional stability in Eastern Europe. The article concludes that while Trump’s promises of a swift peace may have rhetorical appeal, their implementation could intensify volatility and long-term insecurity in the region and beyond. Keywords: Peace negotiations, NATO and european security, Russia–Ukraine war. Introduction In 2022, the war launched by Russia in Ukraine changed the geopolitical situation in the world. It is the largest and most multidimensional conflict since the end of the Cold War, which has put an end to the existing rules-based international system and laid the foundation for a new world order. Given the multidimensional nature of the conflict, it involves all representatives of the civilized world, and its consequences directly or indirectly affect other states. Two years after Russia’s full-scale invasion, Ukraine has regained approximately 54 percent of the occupied territory, while Russia still holds onto 18 percent of the country’s sovereign territory.[1] Meanwhile, Russia…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: PEACE NEGOTIATIONS
  topic: keywords
subject: NATO AND EUROPEAN SECURITY
  topic: keywords
subject: RUSSIA–UKRAINE WAR
  topic: keywords
creator: Raul Kiria
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 157
ending page: 162
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.19.011

Globalization’s Double-Edged Sword: Resource Dependency and Geo-Politics of Oil in Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA)
type: item
description: Combining institutional theory of the firm with resource dependency analysis, this study explores the ever-changing geopolitics of oil and challenges of overproduction in Venezuela’s national oil company (NOC), PDVSA. It analyzes a state company's structural crisis and its limitations for growth through the lens of resource dependency theory and geopolitics of oil. Despite the recent easing of US sanctions, our findings suggest that an alternative firm strategy is rarely, if ever, viable for the company due to its international and geopolitical dependency. This paper further argues that PDVSA’s performance reflects greater alignment of crisis management with the geopolitics of resource-based development. PDVSA has pursued a strategy of ‘jockeying’ between transnational oil interests (privately-owned, Western MNEs) and non-Western oil companies from allied nations like Russia and China. Furthermore, since much of the oil windfall resulted from currency overvaluation by inefficient national and foreign capital, PDVSA has been unable to maintain a competitive advantage that could enhance its performance. This study is limited to the oil sector in Latin America, but a few examples of ‘resource nationalism’ emerging from other countries are briefly discussed. The paper concludes by discussing the policy implications of the research for oil industry managers in the context of ongoing globalization. Keywords: Embedded autonomy, resource nationalism, state-owned oil company, rentier socialism Introduction This paper examines the evolving corporate performance and crisis of Venezuela’s state-owned oil company, PDVSA, from early 2000 up to the present. Venezuela suffered an unprecedented economic collapse, most intensified by the 2017 debt default and the COVID-19 pandemic most recently. From 2013 to 2018, GDP contracted by a cumulative 47.8 percent, with inflation reaching 130,060.2 percent in 2018.[1] As oil production consistently fell for more than a decade, it collapsed …
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Embedded autonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: resource nationalism
  topic: keywords
subject: state-owned oil company
  topic: keywords
subject: rentier socialism
  topic: keywords
creator: Mine Doyran
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 136
ending page: 156
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.19.010

Unveiling new insights about the influence of oil prices on GDP in OAPEC nations: MMQR investigation
type: item
description: Employing the methodology of moments quantile regression with fixed effects (MM-QR), this research examines the influence of variations in oil prices on economic development within Arab oil-exporting nations that are affiliated with the Organisation of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC). Comprehensive data from 1990 to 2021 for eleven OAPEC member countries are analyzed. The empirical findings derived from the analysis reveal a significant and positively correlated association between the fluctuations in oil prices and economic growth, particularly when examined within the context of nations exhibiting higher Gross Domestic Product (GDP) quantiles, which suggests that countries possessing elevated GDP levels tend to derive greater economic advantages from increases in oil prices. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that the impact of this correlation diminishes considerably for countries situated within the lower GDP quantiles. Additionally, population growth positively affects GDP but exhibits diminishing returns over time, while exchange rate fluctuations show negligible impact on overall economic stability and growth. Keywords: Oil price fluctuations, GDP, method of moments quantile regression, population, OAPEC. Introduction Strong turbulences marked by abrupt variations in oil prices have rocked the global oil market during the past few decades. The times of highest oil price volatility were 1973, 1979, 2008, and 2020, which followed the 2019–2020 coronavirus epidemic. Because the US has run out of storage space, the West Texas Intermediate futures crude oil price saw negative trading for the first time in April 2020. The global oil market’s past indicates that macroeconomic success and fluctuations in oil prices have historically been closely correlated. Both nations that import oil and nations that export oil may experience economic instability as a result of oil shocks. Furthermore, in some oil-dependent economies, sudden and severe swings in oil prices m…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Oil price fluctuations
  topic: keywords
subject: GDP
  topic: keywords
subject: method of moments quantile regression
  topic: keywords
subject: Population
  topic: keywords
subject: OAPEC
  topic: keywords
creator: Rahima Benaini
creator: Hicham Ayad
creator: Brahim Selka
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 125
ending page: 135
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.19.009

Balancing Innovation and Risk: Regulatory Frameworks for Sustainable Fintech Growth
type: item
description: This paper investigates the transformative impact of Financial Technology (FinTech) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the global financial sector, moving beyond a descriptive overview to critically examine the challenges and opportunities they present. The study synthesizes a comprehensive review of empirical data, policy documents, and industry reports, including the EY Global FinTech Adoption Index (2023) and World Bank reports (2023), to analyze FinTech adoption across diverse regions and financial service categories. The research identifies key challenges related to electronic financial transactions, including cross-border complexities, decentralized systems, and cybersecurity risks. Furthermore, it addresses the crucial need for adaptable regulatory frameworks that balance innovation with financial stability and consumer protection. Findings reveal significant disparities in FinTech adoption globally, driven by factors such as technological infrastructure, regulatory environments, and socio-economic conditions. The study highlights the potential systemic risks associated with FinTech investments and underscores the importance of international cooperation in addressing cross-border challenges. By providing a holistic perspective that integrates technological, economic, ethical, and regulatory dimensions, this paper contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the dynamic interplay between technology and finance. It offers actionable recommendations for policymakers, industry practitioners, and academics seeking to foster responsible innovation and ensure the long-term resilience of the global financial system. Future research directions are proposed, including evaluating the effectiveness of different regulatory approaches, exploring the ethical dimensions of AI in finance, and conducting longitudinal studies to assess the long-term impacts of FinTech on financial stability and consumer welfare. Keywords: FinTech, artificial intelligence (AI), financial regu…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: FinTech
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence (AI)
  topic: keywords
subject: financial regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: financial stability
  topic: keywords
subject: digital finance
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Bouriche
creator: Abdelkader Hamli
creator: Sihem Bouriche
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 113
ending page: 125
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.19.008

The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment between Organizational Justice and Job Performance
type: item
description: The purpose of this study is to assess the mediating role of organizational commitment (OC) between organizational justice (OJ) and job performance (JP). The data was collected from 281 employees using a questionnaire approach. The data analysis used Smarts PLS for assessing the measurement and structure models. The results indicated that organizational commitment mediated the relationship between organizational justice and job performance. The results also showed that OJ has a significant impact on OC and JP, and OC significantly impacts JP. Managers must be familiar with the essential rules to improve job performance, organizational commitment, and organizational justice while also considering proper conduct. Furthermore, the necessary facilities for promoting professional advancement and training should be established to bolster banks’ current and future demands. The paper elucidates the conclusions and their limitations while also proposing avenues for further research. This study enhances the theoretical framework within organizational theory, organizational behavior, and psychological research, particularly concerning the Iraqi banking sector. However, the study advises banking industry managers to provide fairness and justice in the evaluation processes to improve employee commitment. Keywords: Organizational commitment, organizational justice, job performance, banks. Introduction Unlike in previous eras, human resources are perceived as essential to business efficiency.[1] In the past few years, academicians have debated the strategic significance of human resources (HR) in a world that is dominated by intellectual capital. The new narrative contradicts several study findings indicating that businesses frequently substitute human resources with alternative elements of production when expedient.[2] In most instances, human resources are perceived as a cost that should be reduced, particularly during challenging periods.[3] However, emerging trends provide som…
subject: Publishing permissions
  topic: section
subject: Organizational commitment
  topic: keywords
subject: organizational justice
  topic: keywords
subject: job performance
  topic: keywords
subject: banks
  topic: keywords
creator: Alaa S. Jameel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 92
ending page: 112
doi: 10.35945/gb.2025.19.007